Man Ray (1890-1976)
American artist, filmmaker and siurealist photographer Man Ray was born in Philadelphia in Russian Jewish immigrant parents family, in 1890. His father worked as a tailor. The family moved to Brooklyn when Ray was a young child. From an early year, Ray showed great artistic ability.
At an early age he became adept at building, repairing, inventing and sketching. Refusing a scholarship to study architecture, he supported himself as a commercial artist and draftsman, while studying art in night classes at various schools in New York.
As a student, Man Ray was influenced by Alfred Stieglitz, whose gallery he often visited, and Robert Henri, who was his teacher. He had his first one-man painting exhibition at the age of twenty-five. Exposed to Cubism at the 1913 Armory Show, the artist soon incorporated those stylistic elements in his work, he met french artist Marcel Duchamp, and bought his first camera. Ray also found inspiration at the Armory Show of 1913, which featured the works of Pablo Picasso, Wassily Kandinsky and Marcel Duchamp.
In 1914, Ray married Belgian poet Adon Lacroix, but their union fell apart after a few years. He made a more lasting friendship around this time, becoming close to fellow artist..
Marcel Duchamp
In 1915, Man Ray and Marcel Duchamp together collaborated on many inventions and formed the New York group of Dada artists. Encouraged by Duchamp In 1921, Man Ray moved to Paris and became associated with the Parisian 'Dada movement' and Surrealist circles of artists and writers. Man Ray became a leading figure in the Dada movement in New York.
In 1921, Ray again moved to Paris. There, he continued to be a part of the artistic avant garde, rubbing elbows with such famous figures as Gertrude Stein and Ernest Hemingway. Ray became famous for his portraits of his artistic and literary associates. These commercial endeavors supported his fine art efforts. A photographic innovator, Ray discovered a new way to create interesting images by accident in his dark room. Called "Rayographs," these photos were made by placing and manipulating objects on pieces of photosensitive paper.
One of Ray's other famous works from this time period was 1924's "Violin d'Ingres." This modified photograph features the bare back of his lover, a performer named Kiki, styled after a painting by neoclassical French artist Jean August Dominique Ingres. In a humorous twist, Ray added to two black shapes to make her back look like a musical instrument. He also explored the artistic possibilities of film, creating such now classic Surrealistic works asL'Etoile de Mer (1928). Around this time, Ray also experimented with a technique called the Sabatier effect, or solarization, which adds a silvery, ghostly quality to the image. his major contributions fall into the categories of painting, sculpture and photography, including film. he Inspired by Duchamp's "ready mades", he created numerous objects, including'The Enigma of Isadore Ducasse' (1920) , Object To Be Destroyed (19230) etc.. he was|is best known Photographer and artist his photography is portraits of many prominent artists and writers of the era, while also exploring more avant-garde techniques with his camera.
A participant in numerous Surrealist exhibitions, Ray emerged as one of the movement's key figures. He directed several experimental films, such as Le Retour á la Raison (1923), Emak-Bakia (1926) and L'Étoile de Mer (1928), and drawings. Observatory Time - The Lovers (1932-34) etc. The exhibition follows Ray’s travels to Paris, New York, Hollywood — and back to Paris. Among Ray's other notable paintings are The Fortune (1938), Picture Puzzle(1938) and Le Beau Temps (193is career, Man Ray had innumerable one-man shows.
Man Ray continued to exhibit his art, with shows in New York, London, Paris and other cities in the years before his death. He passed away on November 18, 1976, in his beloved Paris. He was 86 years old. His innovative works can be found on display in museums around the world, and he is remembered for his artistic wit and originality. As friend Marcel Duchamp once said, "It was his achievement to treat the camera as he treated the paint brush, as a mere instrument at the service of the mind."Man Ray died on the 18th of November 1976 in Paris at age 86.
Surrealism originated in the late 1910s and early '20s as a literary movement that experimented with a new mode of expression called automatic writing, or automatism, It was officially announced in Paris in 1924 with the publication of the Manifesto of Surrealism by the poet and critic André Breton (1896–1966); soon after, Surrealism quickly became an international intellectual and political movement. Breton, a trained psychiatrist was influenced by the psychological theories and dream studies of Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) and the political ideas of Karl Marx (1818–1883). After world war 1 the major surrealist Photographer and artist was Man Ray.
"Surrealism in photography" "was one of the major revolutionary changes in the evolution of photography. Rather than art, photography was reviewed as a copying effort. Surrealism is the introduction of the ‘more than real' images to the art forms. The surrealistic art forms were the true representations of the path of mind. The incorporation of surrealism into photography seems to be a real absurd act since both are contradictory, in the principles. But, in fact surrealism was a break through in photography, which motivated the photographers for more experiments."
'Surrealism was a movement in the art and intellectual activities, emerged after World War I, Surrealism is actually the real expression of mental emotions, without any polishing. Andre Breton describes surrealism in Surrealist Manifesto, as the pure psychic automatism expressed in the real functionality of a person. Surrealistic art forms characteristically differ from the conventional forms in not having specific shape or idea. It can be the expression of basic human instinct and imaginative faculties of the unconscious mind.
But, when surrealism comes to photography, the critics did not even imagine such a possibility. However," "Marquise Casati" "by Man Ray, made a change to the belief, as it featured multiple eyes for the photograph. Even though, it was an accidental blurring, it proved the chances for the feasibility of surrealistic works, Surrealism in photography is mainly performed using the different techniques. The differential techniques of light and lenses can itself be the primary technique for surrealism. Photomontage is one of the popular processing techniques, in which the several images are coupled together. In photogram, a photographic paper can be used instead of camera to imprint the image. The images produced by the flush of light can create amazing images that has a surrealistic look.
(Man Ray, Portrait solarisé de Dora Maar, 1936)
Man Ray is considered as legend in surrealistic photography who was very successful to overcome the limitations of photography to create surrealistic images.
Surrealist photographs are described as the images, which symbolically represent dreams, night mares, intoxication, sexual ecstasy, hallucination and madness. the famous surrealist photographers are able to fulfill the task since they can use the photographic techniques effectively.
The ordinary snapshots, body photographs, movie stills, and even police photographs are manipulated to create the impression of surrealist images in the photographs.' Man Ray’s name also resonates with images of glamorous models and art history legends of the 20th century.
Also at the moment, in London's 'National Portrait Gallery" is Man Ray's Portraits Exhibition.
Exhibition highlights include portraits of literary and artistic icons such as Marcel Duchamp, Gertrude Stein, Pablo Picasso, James Joyce, Jean Cocteau, Antoine Artaud and Marcel Proust, as well as photographs of The Marquise Casati and Juliet Browner, whom he married in 1946. The exhibition also includes solarized prints, double exposures, Rayographs and other dark - room experiments, and many images of the women in his life including the infamous Kiki of Montparnasse. Man Ray was artist who maintained the concept of artistic freedom of experiment and reconciled contradictions as a process of making art.
Man Ray is perhaps best-known for the portraits of his muse and lover, Lee Miller, who assisted him in inventing “Rayograph” and “Solarisation”.
"Man Ray put his stamp on a generation of artists. His life was committed to experimentation through various media and his curiosity was boundless." —AGO Director, Matthew Teitelbaum.
Parisian Surrealist Tristan Tzara, Paul Eluard, Andre Breton, Hans Arp, Salvador Dali, Yves Tanguy, Max Ernst, Rene Crevel, and Man Ray, Paris, 1933
Parisian Surrealist Tristan Tzara, Paul Eluard, Andre Breton, Hans Arp, Salvador Dali, Yves Tanguy, Max Ernst, Rene Crevel, and Man Ray, Paris, 1933
Tristan Tzara, Salvador Dalí, Paul Éluard, Max Ernst and Rene Crevel.
Photo Man Ray, 1930.)
Man Rey Self Portrait.Photo Man Ray, 1930.)
'An original is a creation motivated by desire. Any reproduction of an originals motivated be necessity. It is marvelous that we are the only species that creates gratuitous forms. To create is divine, to reproduce is human.
And all critics should be assassinated.'( M. R)
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